The main weathering process scool, the revision website. Some polymers are made via condensation polymerisation. These are the handouts you have been given in class by your teacher and should be used in addition to your class notes. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Paraffinic feedstocks are best for optimising ethylene yields, and the severity of cracking is specified by the rate of disappearance of a marker compound, usually. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Cracking refers to the process of breaking long hydrocarbon chains into shorter ones. In the past 150 years half the topsoil on the planet has been lost. Gcse geography component 1 the physical environment. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 5 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. They are formed when many small molecules join together. Carbohydrates are important sources of energy for many living organisms and their. Describe put into words what you can see, explain give reasons why because outline brief summary of the key points suggest offer reasonable and sensible options compare give similarities and differences assess make an informed judgement to what extent judge the importance or success of strategy, scheme, project evaluate judge from available evidence. Cracking definition, in the distillation of petroleum or the like the process of breaking down certain hydrocarbons into simpler ones of lower boiling points by means of excess heat, distillation under pressure, etc.
See more ideas about gcse chemistry, chemistry revision and gcse chemistry revision. Structure of polymers thermosoftening thermosetting. Cracking and alkenes gcse chemistry single science revision. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure. Organic chemistry hydrocarbons and crude oil alkanes fractional distillation properties of hydrocarbons cracking alkenes reaction of alkenes alcohols carboxylic acid addition polymerization condensation polymerization amino acids dna. Long chain hydrocarbons can be broken into smaller hydrocarbons, by heating with a catalyst. Part 1 is where students make ethene then link to make polythene using molymods.
Gcse polymerisation revise reaction of monomer molecules. Gcse geography soil erosion and degradation damages. These monomers the starting materials are often alkenes. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. For example, ethene molecules can react together to form polyethene, a polymer. Polymers are large molecules that are made up of many. Alkenes can take part in reactions that alkanes cannot. Remember that n is used where we want to indicate an unknown number that can have a number of possible values. Explain why you think the glenarm river is a good river to study. This summarises the key topics for the organic chemistry unit, including crude oil, the structure of alkanes, fractional distillation, properties of hydrocarbons, cracking, alkenes and polymerization. C1 alkenes, cracking and polymers flashcards in gcse.
Polymerisation is the name given to the reaction that produces polymers. This process is called polymerisation when alkenes join together to form a polymer with no other substance being produced in the reaction, the process is called addition polymerisation. This section includes recent gcse geography past papers from aqa, edexcel, ocr, eduqas, wjec and cie igcse. Discover our collection of gcse and igcse knowledge organisers. Read on for further information on how our new course will support geographical investigations and fieldwork. To familiarise you with it, weve created this interactive quiz. When these types of monomers react they join together, usually losing a small molecule such as water, and so the reactions are called condensation. If you are not sure which exam board you are studying ask your teacher. In cracking you always make and alkene and an alkanethermal crackingthis is where we use heat to crack a molecule.
Geographical investigations and fieldwork in gcse geography edexcel b. Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. Catalytic cracking thermal cracking there are many types of catalysts, some common ones are zeolites and a mixture of silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide. Gcse chemistry revision science section covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single and double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. Best igcse organic chemistry notes complete breakdown. This quiz looks not only at the causes of soil erosion, but also the effects such as how it damages ecosystems. Polymerisation and cracking gcse science marked by teachers. Past exam papers are a fantastic way to prepare for. Its a process studied in gcse chemistry, so you need to understand it. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms. Cracking and polymerization video teaching resources. Cracking chemical process britannica encyclopedia britannica. Home about inspector calls gcseigcse search take a break motivation you are here. See current entries and add your own how and why to enter grow your grades.
Polymerisation happens when monomers react to form long chain polymer molecules. Gcse chemistry polymers all links to revision topics. Condensation polymerisation aqa gcse chemistry revision notes. But when some of the fractions of crude oil are cracked, a whole new world of chemistry opens up. Organic chemistry ks4gcse chemistry teaching resources. Tough gcse topics broken down and explained by out team of expert teachers. Written by the expert teachers at save my exams for the aqa 91 gcse. The big hydrocarbon molecules in gas oil, for example, can be broken down into smaller ones needed for petrol. The process chemical reaction that turns monomers into polymers. Learn and revise polymers with bbc bitesize for gcse design and technology. In industry they use silica silicon oxide or alumina aluminium oxide. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Cracking molecules and plastics chemistry gcse ask. Revise and summarise the key information for unit 7.
Condensation polymerisation involves a reaction between monomers with two different functional groups. Alkenes are reactive and so are useful for making many other substances including polymers polymers have very large molecules. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Polymerisation and cracking gcse science marked by. Please comment if you have any questions, and subscribe if you. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. Its written by teachers especially to help year 10 and year 11 students revise. Polymers are very large molecules sometimes called macromolecules. The starter is a dingbat that is shown whilst students listen to music to help them. There are two types of polymerization, addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization. Andrew taylor, head of maths at aqa, and craig barton, maths advanced skills teacher, tes secondary maths adviser and creator of will show you how last years year 11s performed when they sat question papers designed for the new maths gcse. This is because alkanes are saturated whereas alkenes are unsaturated which means that they can carry out addition reactions, required for polymerisation. On this website you will find helpful case study fact files, videos and key concepts that you need to know for your gcse.
Free revision guides, questions banks and resources. In condensation polymerisation, a small molecule is formed as a byproduct each time a. One of the topics studied in gcse geography is soil erosion and degradation. Other methods used to improve the quality of gasoline and increase its supply include polymerization, converting gaseous olefins, such as propylene and butylene, into larger molecules in the gasoline range. This type of polymerisation is called addition polymerisation. Welcome to the selston high school gcse geography revision site. Fieldwork will now be worth 15% of a students final mark and will be assessed by examination.
The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds. Download alkanes and alkenes building and cracking formulae in word format download. Classification and molecular structure of carbohydrates e. A cpd course for all aqa gcse 91 geography teachers wanting to maximise the performance of their year 11 geography students in 2020. Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a catalyst substance which speeds up the reaction without being used up itself. The reason for this is that cracking produces a new family of. Subjects events job board shop company support main menu. Introduction to the study area introduce the reader to the glenarm river. There is a much greater demand for shorter hydrocarbon than there is for the longer hydrocarbons. Geographical skills and challenges paper 1f and 1h information. With a 10year history in supporting economic geography, the college and its department of geography welcomed young scholars from across the globe to lexington. Figure 4 challenges of urban growth in licsnees the environmental cost of urban growth the use of cheap, poor quality coal and the increase in car ownership is creating serious air. Organic chemistry from the combined science aqa gcse chemistry specification.
Aqa geography subject content geographical applications. This is a thermal decomposition reaction known as cracking. Aqa gcse chemistry science chemical changes revision workbook by jake science this resource is a gcse chemical changes revision workbook that will help enable students to revise this topic and has been written to cover all of the key points in the gcse chemistry specification in. It ensures that students are given the opportunity to consolidate and extend their geographical understanding by relating learning to real experiences of the world schools and colleges must submit a written statement as evidence that the fieldwork requirement has been met. Condensation polymers polymers gcse chemistry single. What can the student of gcse past tell you about gcse papers yet to come. This is the first time the institute has returned to the u. Covering aqa, edexcel and ocr exam boards with a huge array of topics, weve got everything you need to help your students bond with chemistry. Natural polymer molecules carbohydrates sugars starch. And remember this the longer the polymer chain is, the more tangled up it can get. The chain length of the polymer varies from about 2000 to 40,000 carbon atoms. Cracking is the term when a long unuseful molecule like bitumen are broken down into short more useful molecules like petrol.